Wood technologies and uses of Eucalyptus wood from fast grown plantations for solid products

The forest plantations are replacing the native forest in the wood provision for industries. At world-wide level almost 50% of the provision comes from plantations (IUFRO, TAIPEI 2007), being much greater in the South Cone of South America. Specially in Argentina, Chile and Uruguay the plantations provide more than 85 % of the industrialized raw material. The most important plantations in the South Cone are pines and eucalyptus, having the latter, highest growth (over 30 m3/ha/year, being able surpass 50 m3/ha/year). Eucalyptus initially was planted for energy, cellulose and boards, but in the last years has been adapted for solid uses, replacing in several cases native wood. For this reason, it began to have special importance in Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay the genetic, silviculture and technological properties uses of this wood. The present paper shows the results of referred studies on technological properties of the fast growth eucalyptus wood, at usual cut ages, also the development in different uses in solid wood products, in the South Cone and other countries.EEA ConcordiaFil: Sanchez Acosta, Martin Miguel. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Mastrandrea, Ciro Andres. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Concordia; ArgentinaFil: Lima, José Tarcisio. Federal University of Lavras; Brasi

Water flow in different directions in Corymbia citriodora wood

This study aims to evaluate the free and bound water flows in the different axes of Corymbia citriodora wood during drying. Wood samples were taken from the inner and outer regions of the tree stem from seven-years-old experimental plantations. The blocks were prepared for the water flow to occur in each wood axis and they were dried up to the final moisture content of 12%. Free water (FWFR), bound water (BWFR) and total water (TWFR) flow rates were calculated. The relationship between loss of moisture content and time presented an exponential curve, especially in the radial and tangential wood axes. Water flow in the three wood directions presented higher FWFR than TWFR (which was higher than BWFR). Free water flow was ~10 times higher than adsorbed water flow, considering values for moisture content between ~80% to ~12%. Free water movement in the longitudinal direction of the wood was ~2 times greater than in the radial axis and ~3 times greater than in the tangential axis. Bound water movement in the longitudinal direction of the wood was ~2 times greater than in the transverse direction. Bound water flow in the radial axis of the wood was statistically equal to the one in the tangential axis. The results indicate that the intensity of free and bound water flows changes according to the direction of Corymbia citriodora wood

Estimativas de herdabilidade e de correlações fenotípicas para alguns caracteres em quatro mutantes naturais em soja

Heritability and phenotypic correlations were estimated for several characters in four F2 populations of soybeans. These F2 populations were derived from the crosses among the varieties 'Paraná', 'São Luiz', 'Viçoja' and 'Hardee' with their respective natural mutants of later flowering and maturation date, Paranagoiana, PR77-1000l, UFV-1, and IAC74-2736-10. The estimates of heritability for plant height at flowering in the four crosses were greater than the estimates at maturation showing that for the same character there exist phases in the development of soybeans where the application of selection may be more effective. For the cross Paraná x Paranagoiana, a positive correlation was obtained between the characters height of insertion of the first leaf and height of first pod, showing a relationship between leaf x pod for these genotypes.Estimaram-se a herdabilidade e as correlações fenotípicas para alguns caracteres, em quatro populações F2, em soja. Estas populações foram oriundas dos cruzamentos entre as variedades ‘Paraná'. ‘São Luiz', 'Viçoja' e 'Hardee' e seus respectivos mutantes de floração e de maturação tardia, Paranagoiana, PR 77-1000l, UFV-1 e IAC74-2736-10, As estimativas de herdabilidade para a estatura da planta na floração, para os quatro cruzamentos, foram coerentemente maiores que as obtidas na maturação, mostrando que para o mesmo caráter ocorrem fases, no desenvolvimento da soja, em que a aplicação de seleção deve ser mais eficaz. Para o cruzamento Paraná x Paranagoiana, foi obtida correlação positiva entre os caracteres ponto de inserção da primeira folha" e ponto do primeiro legume", evidenciando a existência de uma relação nó x folha x legume para algumas variedades. Esta relação implica que o ponto de inserção do primeiro legume na planta depende diretamente do ponto de inserção da primeira folha

Predicting moisture content from basic density and diameter during air drying of Eucalyptus and Corymbia logs

In air drying of Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora logs for the production of charcoal it is necessary to be able to predict when logs have reached the required moisture content of ≤ 35%. This study is aimed to produce models using basic density and diameter to predict the moisture content of Eucalyptus urophylla and Corymbia citriodora logs after 30, 60 and 90 days drying. 1,2 m long logs were taken at three different heights from three C. citriodora trees and three trees each from two E. urophylla clones (VM4 and Mn463). The 27 debarked, end sealed logs were air dried under cover for 90 days during which the change in moisture content was monitored. The relationship between density and drying was analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the models for predicting the moisture content based on the basic density and diameter were produced. The density and the drying showed a high correlation coefficient. The coefficient of determination of the models was above 0,89 with a standard error lower than 6%. The use of the density and diameter to estimate the wood moisture content simplifies the production of the models, which can be used for Eucalyptus and Corymbia genetic materials

OCORRÊNCIA DE Anaplasma bovis (Donatien & Lestoquard, 1936, Dumler et al. 2001) NA REGIÃO DE BOM JESUS DO ITABAPOANA, RJ

Tendo em vista a pesquisa de hemoparasitos, no presente trabalho foram realizados exames microscópicos de quatrocentas extensões sanguíneas delgadas, preparadas com sangue capilar coletado da orelha e da cauda de duzentos bovinos. Baseou-se o diagnóstico na pesquisa direta, visualizando-se as inclusões do agente etiológico. Onze bovinos (5,5%) foram considerados infectados por Anaplasma bovis, confirmando a presença deste hemoparasito no município de Bom Jesus do Itabapoana, o primeiro da região noroeste fluminense a relatar tal ocorrência. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Anaplasma bovis, bovino, hemoparasito, ocorrência

La pobreza del Estado : reconsideración del rol del Estado en la lucha contra la pobreza global

El espectro de la pobreza ha tenido una presencia constante en la historia de la humanidad. Actualmente es posible erradicar la pobreza extrema. Existen los recursos para lograrlo en un período razonable. Los deseos y la disposición de las organizaciones internacionales, los gobiernos y los pueblos son evidentes en los discursos dominantes que expresan la necesidad y la voluntad de la comunidad internacional de reducir y erradicar la pobreza. ¿Cuáles son los factores que están impidiendo el logro de una meta tan ampliamente aceptada? Es difícil dar una respuesta exhaustiva y precisa a esta pregunta. No obstante, una parte sustancial de la explicación puede estar en una de las estructuras más importantes, pero problemáticas, del mundo moderno, a saber, el Estado.Prefacio / Hartley Dean, Alberto Cimadamore y Jorge Siqueira Introducción Parte I. Dimensiones teórica y global El programa mundial de derechos humanos y la (im)posibilidad del Estado ético Hartley Dean La redefinición del problema social y la retórica acerca de la pobreza durante el decenio de 1990 Anete Brito Leal Ivo La antiglobalización y el antiestatismo desde la perspectiva del postdesarrollo y el antiutilitarismo Paulo Henrique Martins Parte II. Dimensiones política y nacional La estrategia de reducción de la pobreza y la brecha educacional en la Guatemala de posguerra Virgilio Álvarez Aragón El futuro que no llegará: la erradicación de la pobreza desde la perspectiva del gobierno federal de México (2000-2006) Nelson Arteaga Botello Las dificultades de una política de seguridad alimentaria en el Brasil José Graziano da Silva, Walter Belik y Maya Takagi Políticas de empleo público como instrumentos para la reducción de la pobreza y la desigualdad en el Brasil Tarcisio Patricio de Araujo y Roberto Alves de Lima Pobreza, desigualdad y desarrollo: el rol del Estado en la experiencia de Cuba Mayra Paula Espina Prieto ¿Privatización para la reducción de la pobreza? : El caso de Bangladesh y su importancia para otras economías en desarrollo Hulya Dagdeviren Parte III. Dimensiones práctica y local Sinergias frágiles para el desarrollo: el caso de Jardim Oratório, São Paulo, Brasil Rowan Ireland Pobreza, políticas y prestidigitación en Bolivia y América Latina John-Andrew McNeish Fondos Sociales en África: ¿una respuesta clientelístico-tecnocrática a la pobreza? Einar Braathe

Bacuri : (Platonia insignis Mart.-Clusiaceae). Agrobiodiversidade

Bacuri: agrobiodiversidade ç uma publicação que aborda nâo s= a historicidade do fruto como tambçm a retratação do manejo, a propagação (como informaçâes sobre matrizes para o plantio e multiplicação de árvores mais produtivas) e a explanação sobre os métodos atuais utilizados no melhoramento genético do Bacuri, tudo com o explícito objetivo de elaborar, oportunizar e aprimorar técnicas de desenvolvimento sustentável